Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Linear Algebra for Artificial Intelligence : Chapter 1

Chapter 1

1. Five Reasons for the importance of learning Linear Algebra for Machine Learning

Need of knowledge of
1. Vector and Matrix notation.
2. Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication of scalars, vectors, and matrices.
3. Statistics particularly multivariate statistics [ means, variance, covariance]
4. Matrix Factorization or Matrix Decomposition
5. Linear Least Squares

2. What is Linear Algebra?

Linear algebra is a branch of mathematics, but the truth of it is that linear algebra is the mathematics of data. Matrices and vectors are the language of data.
Linear algebra is about linear combinations. That is, using arithmetic on columns of numbers called vectors and 2D arrays of numbers called matrices, to create new columns and arrays of numbers.

3. What is Numerical Linear Algebra?

Numerical linear algebra is concerned with the practical implications of implementing and executing matrix operations in computers with real data. Numerical linear algebra is the study of how matrix operations can be used to create computer algorithms which efficiently and accurately provide approximate answers to mathematical questions.
It is a subfield of numerical analysis, and a type of linear algebra. Numerical linear algebra uses properties of vectors and matrices to develop computer algorithms that minimize computer error while retaining efficiency and precision.

4. Applications of Linear Algebra

1. Matrices in Engineering, such as a line of springs.
2. Graphs and Networks, such as analyzing networks.
3. Markov Matrices, Population, and Economics, such as population growth.
4.Linear Programming, the simplex optimization method.
5. Fourier Series: Linear Algebra for functions, used widely in signal processing.
6. Linear Algebra for statistics and probability, such as least squares for regression.
7.Computer Graphics, such as the various translation, scaling and rotation of images.

No comments:

Post a Comment

AI PROJECTS

General Problems

• Employee Skills Management and Development Planning Tool
• Context Aware TV Program Recommender System for Android TV
• Context Aware Service Recommendation Engine for Mobile Phone
• Predicting User Intention for a given user Context
• Real time object recognition and context Aware Service recommending app for Self-Driving Car
• App to generate music genres and benefits of the given classical music. (Minimum 1000 Music Data Analytics)
• App for Predicting Energy Consumption of SDMIT College and Hostel Buildings
• Performance Evaluation of Student and Teacher of Engineering College
• Agriculture Data Analytics of Dakshina Kannada
• Health Care Data Analytics of Dakshina Kannada
• Natural Resources Data Analytics of Dakshina Kannada
• Waste Data Analytics of specific Location
• App for Object Classification and Analytics in Retail Stores
• Event Detection and Notification App for CCTV mounted in Specific Location.
• Cloud based customer data analytics for the success of a given business (Customer behavior, satisfaction, etc)
• Chatbot for Campus Interview
• Chatbot for Tourism
• Chatbot for Customer Service
• Teaching Assistant Chatbot
• Sentimental Analysis of Colleges in Dakshina Kannada through Social Media Data.
• Prediction and diagnosis of any specific Diseases using multimodal data (Scans, sensor, audio data ,etc)
• App for Handwritten and Character based user Recognition
• Customer focused Ecommerce Site with AI Bot for Retail Shopping (Any Specific type of Shopping) using multimodal data (mobile, social media, location ,context, etc)
• App to Predict the suitable Skilled candidate for job through CV analysis for a Company.
• App for Data Analytics of Medicinal Plants in Dakshina Kannada
• Prediction and diagnosis of Agricultural Crop Disease ( Any one )
• User Context based Search topic recommender for search engine
• Waste Management in College Campus
• Personal Intelligent Virtual Assistants
• Context Aware Intruder/attacker/Hacker detecting system
• Sports Data Analytics (Fitness and Sports Skills assessment for identifying next talent) – For any specific game and country /state
• Financial Advice for Public
• Hacker detecting Tool
• Fraudulent Activity (Anomalies) Recognition in Shopping,


Business and Banking Transactions
• Customize crop growing techniques specific to individual plot characteristics and relevant realtime data (Optimize Pricing, Predict yield, Predict new high value crop, Predict product demand and Product Optimization , Forecasting ,etc)
• Energy Data Analytics and Predicting Energy Demand Trends in given location using multimodal data
• Evaluating the Quality of hospitals and data performance in the specific region
• Predicting the risk of illicit activity or terrorism using historical crime data, intelligence data and other available sources for a given location
• Shopping Centers Data Analytics of Dakshina Kannada
• Simulation model of the operation of the limit order book underlying a virtual currency exchange
• IoT based Home Automation 48. IoT based Smart Irrigation System
• AI based Robot (For any suitable Case Study)
• AI based Self Driving Toy Car

HEALTH CARE

• Drug discovery using Neural Networks
• Tumor detection from Brain MRI images
• Detection and Classification of cancer cells in MRI Images
• Organ Segmentation and Labelling in MRI Images
• Cancer cell detection and segmentation
• Blood flow detection and monitoring using Sensory data
• Diabetic Retinopathy Detection and Segmentation from MRI Images
• Personalized Treatment based on Patient History
• AI System for Prediction and Recommendation of Diabetes
• Recommendation of doctors and medicines using review mining
• Disease Prediction using patient treatment history and health data
• Real-time health monitoring using wearable devices
• Prediction of epidemic outbreaks using Social Media Data
• Design and Implementation of prediction for Medical Insurance
• Activity monitoring and unusual activity detection for elderly homes
• Recognizing exercises for physiotherapy videos
• Detecting Genes responsible for cancer development
• DNA/Gene classification using RNN Sequential analysis


AGRICULTURE

• Plant disease identification using leaf images
• Plants Recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks
• Fruits counting for automatic inventory management
• Weed plant detection from agricultural field images
• Predicting yield, soil moisture and weather using images processing
• Plant Gene Classification and Functionality Prediction
• Automated quality assessment of crops

Space Research & Satellite imagery
• Change detection for deforestation, water reserves from Satellite images
• Detection of Unmanned Vehicles (UMV) and Drones
• Segmenting Satellite Images for detection of road, buildings, natural resources etc.
• Target recognition in SAR images
• Scene segmentation in rural and urban regions from Remote Sensing Data
• Detection of Anomaly in SAR images
• Classification of Terrain from Satellite Imagery
• 3D reconstruction from multimodal satellite data
• Classification of galaxies
• Simulation of Galaxies for Real World Scenario
• Detection and Segmentation of different structures on planet surface images

Cyber Security

• Intrusion detection in networks and servers
• Malware identification using deep learning
• Anomaly detection in network activities
• Virus/Malicious file detection in a shared environment
• Spam SMS filtering Using Machine Learning
• Advertisement Click Fraud Detection
• Webpage classification for safer browsing

Education
• Predicting Student Performance using Regression analysis
• Automatic scientific article summarization
• Feature based opinion mining on student feedback
• Face recognition based attendance system


Video Processing

• Real-time generic object detection & tracking
• Pedestrian Detection from low-resolution videos
• Detection and classification of vehicles
• Vehicle detection and speed tracking
• Detection of signals, and lane for self-driving cars
• Road Crack Detection and Segmentation For Autonomous Driving
• Unusual Activity & Anomaly detection in surveillance
• Human activity detection for surveillance video Compression
• Gesture recognition for Human Computer Interaction
• Real-time video to text transcription for visually challenged person
• Real-time speech recognition for regional languages
• Real-time OCR for Regional Languages
• Face Recognition & expression recognition Mobile App for Visually impaired person
• Action recognition for controlling electronic appliances in homes
• Place recognition app for visually impaired person
• Text to video generation for News Stories
• Salient region detection for targeted advertisements placement in videos
• Video quality Enhancement using super-resolution


Business

• Comparative sales analysis of different stores, customers, demographics
• Customer Classification Based on The Historical Purchase Data
• Personalized marketing and targeted advertising
• Predicting housing prices for real estate companies using Machine Learning or Deep Learning
• Predicting Product Development Time and Cost Using Production Data
• Question answering system for automated customer relationship management
• Sales prediction using Regression Analysis
• Text to Speech Generation for Regional Languages




Insurance

• Fraud/abuse detection for insurance companies
• Predicting risk for new Insurance using customer information


Banking

• Credit card fraud detection using historical transaction data
• Loan Risk Prediction using User transaction information

Crime

• Crime pattern detection using historical crime data
• Geographical crime rate prediction
• Criminal behavior analysis and segmentation
• Crowd counting and monitoring for surveillance videos

Social Media Analytics

• Product opinion mining for competitive market analysis
• Customer requirement analysis using User Generated Content
• Consumer behavior analysis using User Generated Content
• Rumor detection from Social Media
• Political opinion mining for popularity prediction
• Terrorism detection from social media
• Stock prediction using Twitter sentimental analysis
• Restaurant Review Classification And Recommender System
• Fake news detection in online social media
• Detection violent and abusive content in social media

Miscellaneous1

• Automated Machine Translation for Regional Languages
• Virtual Personal Assistant Apps
• Developing a Chatbot using sequence modelling
• Travel route suggestion based on pattern of travel and difficulties

Miscellaneous2

Detecting incidents of cyber bullying

• Input: text feed from social media conversations
• Output: cyber bullying victim and bully identified

Characterizing mental stress and suicidal tendencies

• Input: text feed from online profiles and conversations
• Output: people suspected to have stress or suicidal tendencies are flagged

Detecting click-fraud in online advertising

• Input: click data from online advertisement
• Output: fraudulent clicks and click patterns detected

Detecting fake news in online news media

• Input: news feed from online media
• Output: fake news, rumours, clickbait characterised

Identifying hate crime in online media

• Input: text feed from online conversations
• Output: hate speech, offensive comments, racist comments etc. detected

Malware identification

• Input: executable files (.exe) of several software/apps
• Output: malicious software/apps identified

Intrusion detection in enterprise networks
• Input: network logs from router/switches of enterprise networks
• Output: possible intrusions, botnet activity, DDoS activity, etc. flagged

SMS/IM spam filtering

• Input: messages from SMS or IM apps (WhatsApp, Line, etc.)
• Output: spam messages filtered

Detection of malicious URLs

• Input: Visited URLs
• Output: malicious URLs (hosting exploit kits, malware, etc.) are detected

Detecting phishing websites

• Input: website URL
• Output: phishing websites flagged

Robotics and Automation

• Detecting shapes of common and uncommon objects
• Determining size of boxes
• Personalized greetings
• Optimal path traversal
• Detecting dangerous objects at public places
• Automating indoor weather adjustments
• Detecting flawed packaging
• Monitoring for thieves and intruders



Agriculture

Predicting the crop based upon the soil

Input: images of the soil and climate information
Output: Predicting the suitable crop

Damage assessment of crops because of the bad weather conditions
• Input: images of the crop before and after the damage
• Output: Prediction of damage level and crop insurance

Automatic Health inspection

• Input: Multiple images of a plant.
• Output: Prediction of health of the plant and possible medicines

Automatic soil testing using AI

• Input: Images of the soil
• Output soil health

Weather and crop-based irrigation system.

• Input: Weather condition and crop information (crop age, crop type)
• Output: Irrigation is required or not

Assessment of grain of production

• Input: crop image of the whole field
• Output: prediction of quantity of grain production

Disease Detection in the plants

• Input: image of the plant
• Output: disease and pesticide recommendation

Recommendation of crop based upon the crop history

• Input: crop history
• Output: Recommended crop with fertilizer

Chatter bot for farmers

• Input: Knowledge base of the crops in the regional language.
• Output: Required information through chat bot

Crop Waste management

• Input: Images of the waste
• Output: Companies and their contacts where these wastes are useful.




Social Media

Suggesting Engaging Content for Social Media
• Input: Browsing History and previously watched content
• Output: Customized Content
AI-Powered Image Recognizers from Social Media
• Input: Image of the target (Person)
• Output: Identified person
Smart Messenger Bots by understanding the personality
• Input: Social Media feed of the person
• Output: Messenger bot reply based upon his personality.
Better career and Job Suggestions
• Input: Social Media and LinkedIn feed of the person
• Output: Understanding the skills and job suggestion
Reaching the right audience
• Input: Understanding the search history in social media websites
• Output: Better Product suggestions.
Understanding the content on the social media websites and predicting the possible violence
• Input: Social Media feed
• Output: Predicting the location and probability of violence and prepare accordingly.
Understanding the personality and probability of joining terrorist groups
• Input: Social Media feed and search history
• Output: Predicting a person who might join terrorist group or who is an easy target which can be influenced
Understanding the stress level of students
• Input: Social Media feed
• Output: Predicting the stress level of students and based upon stress level give them consultation.
Predicting the fake locations on social Media
• Input: Image uploaded by user
• Output: Predicting exact location
Predicting the molesters and eve-teasers
• Input: Social Media feed and history
• Output: Predicting the behaviour of a person.
• Healthcare
Physiotherapy exercise monitoring application
• Input: Real time video of user doing physiotherapy exercise
• Output: recognized exercise and its counting, detection of wrong exercise positions
Health monitoring application using wearable devices
• Input: Heart beat rate, blood pressure, motion data from wearable devices
• Output: statistics of average, alerts of health problems
Skin disease detection app
• Input: Photos of skin surface taken in a mobile camera
• Output: Recognized skin disease and its severity
Detecting face features, hair loss, wrinkles, pimples
• Input: face photos of users taken from mobile camera
• Output: Detection of hair loss, wrinkles, pimples and their counts etc
Food recognition and calorie, vitamin detection
• Input: Food phots taken from mobile camera
• Output: Recognized food and its calorie and vitamins
Finger print based disease detection
• Input: Finger print data taken from mobile device
• Output: Detected disease or health status of the user
X-Ray image description app
• Input: Photo of X-Ray taken from the mobile app
• Output: Description and results about the X-Ray and detection of disease or health issue
Assistive app for autism, Parkinson, Alzheimer diseases
• Input: images/video/audio containing sounds/gestures of the user
• Output: assistance, helps, recommendations to the user
Doctor and medical shop recommendation app
• Input: Disease/symptoms and current location of the user, social media, review data
• Output: Recommendation of doctors/hospitals and medical shops, route to the locations
Walking pattern monitoring for arthritis
• Input: Real time video of user walking
• Output: Analysis of walking pattern and further recommendation for improvement

Crowd

Finding people who are lost
• Input: Photo of the lost person and crowd images/videos
• Output: Detections of the lost people
Head counting application
• Input: Photo or video taken from mobile camera
• Output: Number of human heads in the image i.e. people count
Identifying objectionable persons
• Input: Photo or video taken from a mobile or surveillance camera in a highly crowded environment
• Output: Detection of the objectionable person in the crowd images
Weapon detection from crowded environment
• Input: Photo or video taken from a mobile or surveillance camera in a highly crowded environment
• Output: Detections of weapons, type and person who carry
Identifying people group in a curfew/ section 144
• Input: Photo or video taken from a mobile or surveillance camera in a highly crowded environment
• Output: Detections of group of people and their counting and further alerting
Detecting persons with deviated yoga or dance pattern
• Input: Real time video taken from mobile or surveillance camera in a building
• Output: people with different pattern of dance or yoga moves differing from the crowd
Identifying people with unique outfit/getup
• Input: Photo or video taken from a mobile in a highly crowded environment
• Output: individuals with unique outfit/makeup/gesture
Unusual activity, loitering detection in Mall
• Input: Real time video stream from surveillance camera in Malls
• Output: Individuals who are loitering in the Mall having random and suspicious waling patterns
Detecting smokers in no smoking areas
• Input: Real time video stream from surveillance camera
• Output: individuals who violate the no-smoking rule in the public/private places
Counting animals/birds in a farm land or open area
• Input: Real time video stream from drone camera or mobile
• Output: number of total animals/birds in a group category wise

Entertainment

Generating video from photo Gallery of a mobile
• Input: Photos of user from the camera
• Output: Video containing the photos presented in an interesting way with animation and music
Hands-free mobile control using frontal camera app
• Input: Face gestures fed through the frontal camera of a mobile
• Output: Actions on the mobile such as clicks, swipe, long press etc
Face morphing with Indian cultural face make-ups
• Input: Face photo/video taken from the frontal camera of a mobile
• Output: Morphed faces with make-up of Indian regional cultures
Real-time video player for streaming/playing low resolution videos
• Input: Low resolution videos of 144p or 180p
• Output: High resolution videos of 720p or 1080p
Fast painting style transfer app to selfies and other photos
• Input: Photos taken from frontal or back camera
• Output: Stylised painting like photo based on different painting styles
Singing synchronization app for mixing user voice with music
• Input: Audio of song sung by the user
• Output: Mixed song with background music with voice from user audio
Augmented Reality app for animating mobile videos
• Input: Videos taken by the users
• Output: Animated videos with animated 3D characters within it
Personalized music recommendation app for mobile
• Input: song playlist history, likes and dislikes of the user
• Output: Song recommendations based on user interest, mood and timing
Chatbot for stress buster
• Input: User chat comments/questions
• Output: Replies comments that will relieve the stress of the user
Video summarization app for mobile users
• Input: Lengthy video from the user
• Output: Short summary video containing interesting segments


Space Research

Stars recognition using mobile apps
• Input: Sky photos taken from mobile camera
• Output: Labelled Stars/star groups on the photos
Environment conditions detection using mobile camera apps
• Input: Outdoor photos taken from mobile phones
• Output: Air pollution level, cloud, lighting information detected automatically
Traffic control application using satellite images
• Input: Satellite images of roads
• Output: Traffic congestion detection results and recommendations
Detecting popularity of a business venue using satellite images of parking lot
• Input: Satellite images of parking lots
• Output: popularity level of that business venue
Satellite farming using remote sensing images/ drone images
• Input: Satellite images or drone images of farm lands
• Output: Monitoring, inventory estimation, yield prediction, strategies & plans for farming
Automated drone navigation system
• Input: Real time video feed from the drone camera
• Output: Navigation actions and real time physical motion to the target locations
UMV or Drone detection system for border security
• Input: Real time video feed from HQ surveillance cameras
• Output: detections of UMV or drones and their locations

Location recognition apps from Airplanes
• Input: Photos of land taken from airplanes
• Output: Recognized places and their information
Drone based security system
• Input: Real time video stream from drone cameras
• Output: Detected objects, people, animals, activities, accidents, intruders etc.
3D reconstruction of a building or land using Drone cameras
• Input: Aerial video taken from drone camera
• Output: 3D model of the location/buildings
Business
Chatbot development for regional languages
• Input: Chat commands written in regional languages
• Output: Automated responses in regional language
Robust face recognition system for loan/insurance fraud prediction
• Input: Face photos and related information of a loan applicant
• Output: Detection whether specific applicant has committed loan/insurance fraud
Question answering system for automated customer relationship management
• Input: Questions from customers spoken/written in regional languages
• Output: Answers (spoken/written) from the automated system in regional language
Face emotion detection for customer relationship management
• Input: Real-time video of customer in a services/customer care place
• Output: Detections of user emotion such as stress, happy for guidance to the service provide or customer care responder
Salient region detection for targeted advertisements placement
• Input: Image or streaming video of sports/movie etc.
• Output: Location inside video frame where ad will be posted
Customer emotion detection for telephony customer care
• Input: Real-time audio of the customer care call
• Output: Detections of user emotion such as stress, happy for guidance to the customer care responder
Product requirement analysis from social media
• Input: comments, reviews from users of particular topic or need
• Output: Detections of whether particular feature or product is currently needed for the customers
Scheduling and planning apps for sales person
• Input: Schedule, target, location of the sales person
• Output: Reminders, route recommendations, plans for sales execution
Mobile app for quick prediction of production time and cost
• Input: Requested number of quantity and specification of a product
• Output: Production time and cost to make the specific number of products
Work monitoring system for surveillance videos in production environment
• Input: Real time video feed from surveillance cameras in a product production environment
• Output: Detection of events, accidents, people activities, loitering etc


Journalism
News article summarization app
• Input: News article in text format
• Output: Summary of news as a short text
News text to video generation app
• Input: News article with text and images
• Output: Interestingly presented video with news elements, animations and attractive audio
Fake news alert app
• Input: News article with text and images
• Output: Detection results whether article is fake or from trustable source
Provocative article detection for safe surfing
• Input: News article with text and images
• Output: Detection results whether article contain controversial/violent content against religious views/national integrity that will induce violence or riot
Finding famous and relevant Tweets of news articles
• Input: News article with text and images
• Output: Neatly presented famous tweets from celebrities/active twitter users on specific issues that news article deals with
Personalized News Recommendation App
• Input: News articles, previous history of user, ratings etc
• Output: News articles matching interest and history of the user
Multisource news summarization for summarizing news on same topic
• Input: Multiple news articles dealing with same news
• Output: Summary of news content as a short text
User emotion detection for news article impact analysis
• Input: News article, face images of the user while reading news, history of articles read by user
• Output: Prediction of emotions of a user for different articles

News popularity detection in social media
• Input: News article and its relevant social media feed
• Output: Popularity level of a news story

News generation from tweets of certain topic
• Input: Twitter feed related to certain event or topic
• Output: Generated news story related to the famous tweets

Reference : https://www.leadingindia.ai/projects